{
  "added_at": "2026-10-17",
  "arxiv_id": null,
  "arxiv_version_reviewed": null,
  "authors": [
    "Mingeun Kim",
    "Dongkwan Kim",
    "Eunsoo Kim",
    "Suryeon Kim",
    "Yeongjin Jang",
    "Yongdae Kim"
  ],
  "bibtex_url": "https://awesomerea.org/papers/citations/paper-firmae.bib",
  "citation": {
    "container_title": "Annual Computer Security Applications Conference",
    "pages": "733-745",
    "publisher": "ACM",
    "sources": [
      "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1145/3427228.3427294"
    ]
  },
  "code_url": "https://github.com/pr0v3rbs/FirmAE",
  "date_basis": "ACM-deposited Crossref print-publication date; the online-publication date is recorded separately in metadata notes.",
  "date_basis_zh": "采用 ACM 在 Crossref 登记的印刷出版日期；在线出版日期在元数据说明中单独记录。",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "description_en": "Extends Firmadyne with empirically derived interventions for boot, networking, NVRAM, kernel behavior, and other runtime failures, enabling Linux router and IP-camera firmware web services to run for dynamic analysis.",
  "description_zh": "在 Firmadyne 基础上，针对启动、网络、NVRAM、内核行为及其他运行失败加入经验性干预，使 Linux 路由器与 IP 摄像机固件的 Web 服务能够运行并接受动态分析。",
  "doi": "10.1145/3427228.3427294",
  "entry_url": "https://awesomerea.org/papers/paper-firmae/",
  "entry_url_zh": "https://awesomerea.org/zh/papers/paper-firmae/",
  "evidence_urls": [
    "https://doi.org/10.1145/3427228.3427294",
    "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1145/3427228.3427294",
    "https://www.acsac.org/2020/program/papers/",
    "https://syssec.kaist.ac.kr/pub/2020/kim_acsac2020.pdf",
    "https://github.com/pr0v3rbs/FirmAE/blob/653565b5d14e6d69a1dd242aa88ecfb4b090a74a/README.md",
    "https://github.com/pr0v3rbs/FirmAE/blob/653565b5d14e6d69a1dd242aa88ecfb4b090a74a/LICENSE.txt"
  ],
  "first_arxiv_date": null,
  "id": "paper-firmae",
  "json_url": "https://awesomerea.org/papers/paper-firmae/record.json",
  "kind": "research",
  "markdown_url": "https://awesomerea.org/papers/paper-firmae/index.md",
  "markdown_url_zh": "https://awesomerea.org/zh/papers/paper-firmae/index.md",
  "metadata_notes": "ACM metadata records print publication on 2020-12-07 and online publication on 2020-12-08, pages 733–745. The six-author paper is separate from later repository updates. The pinned artifact README documents Ubuntu 20.04 and privileged run modes. Its MIT license does not license vendor firmware images or all dependencies.",
  "metadata_notes_zh": "ACM 元数据记载印刷出版于 2020-12-07，在线出版于 2020-12-08，页码为 733–745。六位作者的论文与仓库后续更新分开记录。固定提交的产物 README 记载了 Ubuntu 20.04 和需要提权的运行模式。仓库的 MIT 许可不涵盖厂商固件镜像或全部依赖。",
  "pdf_url": "https://syssec.kaist.ac.kr/pub/2020/kim_acsac2020.pdf",
  "project_url": null,
  "publication_date": "2020-12-07",
  "publication_status": "conference-paper",
  "record_type": "paper",
  "runtime_tested": false,
  "scope_limitations_en": "Arbitration deliberately changes execution and targets functioning web interfaces, not identical physical-device behavior. The evaluation covers ARM little-endian and MIPS little-/big-endian firmware from routers and IP cameras; heuristics may fail on unseen devices or configurations. It reuses firmware binaries rather than recovering their source.",
  "scope_limitations_zh": "仲裁式干预会有意改变执行过程，目标是运行 Web 界面，而非完整复现物理设备行为。评测覆盖路由器与 IP 摄像机的 ARM 小端、MIPS 小端及大端固件；启发式规则可能不适用于未见过的设备或配置。该方法复用固件二进制，并不恢复其源码。",
  "targets": [
    "firmware"
  ],
  "title": "FirmAE: Towards Large-Scale Emulation of IoT Firmware for Dynamic Analysis",
  "title_zh": "FirmAE：面向动态分析的物联网固件大规模仿真",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3427228.3427294",
  "venue": "ACSAC 2020",
  "verification": "source-reviewed",
  "verified_at": "2026-10-16",
  "why_fits_en": "Provides a concrete firmware-rehosting method and evaluation for restoring analyzable network-service behavior when exact hardware emulation is unavailable.",
  "why_fits_zh": "在无法精确仿真硬件时，为恢复可分析的网络服务行为提供具体的固件重托管方法与评测。",
  "year": 2020
}