{
  "added_at": "2026-10-27",
  "additional_evidence_urls": [
    "https://github.com/codegeeksai/codegeeksai.github.io/blob/8384782c20b1636362495b9505f1bd597ff5941b/src/content/posts/en/static-malware-analysis-rea-codex.md",
    "https://codegeeksai.github.io/it/blog/analisi-statica-malware-rea-codex/",
    "https://github.com/codegeeksai/codegeeksai.github.io/blob/8384782c20b1636362495b9505f1bd597ff5941b/src/content/posts/it/analisi-statica-malware-rea-codex.md"
  ],
  "category": "community-case-studies",
  "description_en": "Fedele Mantuano reports using Codex with REA in an offline Docker lab to statically analyze a public Windows malware sample without executing it. The article separates behavior supported by the extracted JavaScript bundle from claims that would depend on remote components that were never obtained, and reclassifies a suspected infostealer as a loader. It is a defensive analysis case built on an author-reviewed agent report, not a reconstruction or a dynamic detonation.",
  "description_zh": "Fedele Mantuano 报告在离线 Docker 实验环境中让 Codex 借助 REA，对一个公开的 Windows 恶意软件样本做静态分析，全程不执行样本。文章区分了提取出的 JavaScript 代码包能够支持的行为与依赖从未获取的远程组件的推断，并将原本疑为信息窃取程序的样本重新归类为加载器。这是以作者审阅过的智能体报告为基础的防御性分析案例，不是重建，也不是动态引爆分析。",
  "entry_url": "https://awesomerea.org/resources/windows-loader-static-analysis-case/",
  "entry_url_zh": "https://awesomerea.org/zh/resources/windows-loader-static-analysis-case/",
  "evidence_url": "https://codegeeksai.github.io/en/blog/static-malware-analysis-rea-codex/",
  "group": "rea",
  "id": "windows-loader-static-analysis-case",
  "json_url": "https://awesomerea.org/resources/windows-loader-static-analysis-case/record.json",
  "kind": "case-study",
  "markdown_url": "https://awesomerea.org/resources/windows-loader-static-analysis-case/index.md",
  "markdown_url_zh": "https://awesomerea.org/zh/resources/windows-loader-static-analysis-case/index.md",
  "name": "Windows loader: static malware analysis with REA and Codex",
  "name_zh": "Windows 加载器：借助 REA 与 Codex 的静态恶意软件分析",
  "record_type": "resource",
  "relationship": "community-reported-mixed-workflow",
  "requirements": [
    "The Code Geeks article by Fedele Mantuano is dated 2026-10-18, with an Italian version, and reports an analysis performed on 2026-10-17. Codex was asked to use REA on one Windows x64 executable obtained from MalwareBazaar and to write a Markdown report on files, processes, persistence, network destinations, updates, defensive indicators and limits. The agent’s technical report, artifacts and code references are not published; the author offers further details privately.",
    "Analysis ran in a Linux/amd64 Docker Desktop container with REA 6.5.0 and Node 24.22.0, no network, a read-only root filesystem and sample mount, an unprivileged user and dropped capabilities. Neither the sample nor extracted code was executed, and Wine was not used; the author notes that Codex still communicated with its model service while the container was offline. The appendix separately documents a macOS Apple Silicon setup of REA 6.5.0, Ghidra 12.1.4, Temurin JDK 25.0.4.1 and Node.js 24.21.0 connected to Codex over MCP with the REA skill; it was not repeated on a clean Mac or tested on other hosts.",
    "After initial PE inspection, work focused on a JavaScript bundle extracted from the executable’s embedded Bun runtime; the roughly 98 MB native executable was not fully decompiled. The author reports analyst-written decoders for the bundle’s layered string obfuscation, run without evaluating the sample’s code, and spot checks of hashes, the extraction range and decoded tables, partly against an independent Python implementation. These checks support specific findings.",
    "The author reclassifies the suspected infostealer as a loader: its code supports host and screenshot collection, encrypted reporting, download and in-memory loading of further components, and server changes through fixed fallbacks and a remote lookup, with no DGA found in the bundle. Those further components were not obtained, so mining, credential theft, persistence and execution on a victim system remain unestablished, and one reported initialization inconsistency is left for dynamic verification. The article’s threat-intelligence pipeline is a proposed use, not an implemented or measured one.",
    "Handling live malware needs an isolated lab and the analyst’s own authorization. The article credits REA, Ghidra and Codex together and relies on an agent-written report reviewed by the author. The pinned blog repository has no license file; REA, Ghidra, Codex and the model service keep their own terms."
  ],
  "requirements_zh": [
    "Code Geeks 上这篇由 Fedele Mantuano 撰写的文章标注日期为 2026-10-18，另有意大利文版本，所述分析于 2026-10-17 完成。作者要求 Codex 使用 REA 检查一个取自 MalwareBazaar 的 Windows x64 可执行文件，并撰写 Markdown 报告，涵盖文件、进程、持久化、网络目标、更新、防御指标与局限。智能体生成的技术报告、产物和代码引用均未公开；作者表示可私下提供更多细节。",
    "分析在 Docker Desktop 的 Linux/amd64 容器中进行，使用 REA 6.5.0 与 Node 24.22.0，无网络，根文件系统与样本挂载均为只读，以非特权用户运行并移除 capabilities。样本及提取出的代码均未执行，也未使用 Wine；作者指出容器离线时 Codex 仍在与模型服务通信。附录另行记录了在 macOS Apple Silicon 上安装 REA 6.5.0、Ghidra 12.1.4、Temurin JDK 25.0.4.1 与 Node.js 24.21.0，并通过 MCP 和 REA 技能接入 Codex 的步骤；该流程未在全新 Mac 上重做，也未在其他宿主上测试。",
    "初步检查 PE 后，工作集中于从该可执行文件内嵌 Bun 运行时中提取的 JavaScript 代码包；约 98 MB 的原生可执行文件未被完整反编译。作者报告使用分析人员编写的解码器处理代码包的多层字符串混淆，过程中不运行样本代码，并抽查了哈希、提取范围和解码表，部分结果与独立的 Python 实现对照。这些检查支持具体结论。",
    "作者将原本疑为信息窃取程序的样本重新归类为加载器：其代码支持收集主机信息与截图、加密回传、下载并在内存中加载后续组件，以及通过固定备用地址和远程查询更换服务器，且代码包中未发现 DGA。这些后续组件未获取，因此挖矿、凭据窃取、持久化以及在受害系统上的实际执行均未确立；报告中一处初始化不一致之处留待动态验证。文中的威胁情报流水线只是设想用途，并未实现或测量。",
    "处理真实恶意软件需要隔离实验环境及分析者自身获得的授权。文章将成果归于 REA、Ghidra 与 Codex 的共同使用，并依赖经作者审阅的智能体报告。固定版本的博客仓库没有许可证文件；REA、Ghidra、Codex 及模型服务各有其条款。"
  ],
  "targets": [
    "binary"
  ],
  "url": "https://codegeeksai.github.io/en/blog/static-malware-analysis-rea-codex/",
  "verification": "source-reviewed",
  "verified_at": "2026-10-18"
}